Pronouns: Personal Pronouns, Relative Pronouns
As we know ,
A Pronoun is a word which is used in place of a noun.. It has eight kinds. We will talk about two of its kinds, Personal Pronouns and Relative Pronouns
Personal Pronouns. There are three persons: first person, second person and third person. The first person is the person speaking; the second person is the person spoken to;and the third person is the person( or thing) spoken about.The various forms of personal pronouns are:
Person used as used as possessive form reflexive or Remarks
a sub. a obj. emphasizing form
I (sing.) I me mine myself used both for
( plu.) we us ours ourselves mas & fem.
11( sing.) you you yours yourself used both for
( plu.) you you yours yourselves mas. & fem.
111 ( sing.) he him his himself masculine
( sing.) she her hers herself feminine
( sing.) it it itself neuter
( plu.) they they theirs themselves all genders
1. I, we, he, she and they are used as subjects.
Me, us, him, her and them are used as objects:
She thanked me.( she-sub.;me-object)
2.You and it may be used both as the subject and object:
You will like it. ( you-sub.;it- object)
It will not affect you. ( it- sub.; you- object)
3. After prepositions, we use the objective form of pronouns:
between them and us; for her; from us; without him etc.
4.The verb let requires the objective form of the pronoun:
Let us go for a walk.
5.The form It is me is common in spoken English although the correct form is It is I.
See one more example:
Did Riya make this painting?
I am not sure, It may be her.( spoken English)
I am not sure, It may be she,( formal)
Note. In written English, we should prefer the formal form.
Relative Pronouns.Who (whose, whom) which and that are the words used most frequently as relative pronouns.As a rule, who( whose, whom) is used for persons only . It has the same form whether it refers to a singular or a plural noun or a noun of masculine, feminine or common gender:
The teacher who was eager to work immediately started teaching the students.( singular)
The shopkeepers who had closed their shops felt safe.( plural)
The Principal called the parents of those students whose result was poor.( common gender)
The girl narrated her story to an old lady whom she met on the way.( feminine gender)
1.Use of whom. Here are two examples to understand:
1.People who do not like others-------------.(the relative pronoun as subject, so who)
2.People whom others do not like-------------( the relative pronoun as object, so whom)
Whom is also used for non- living things:
The scooter whose brakes are---------------..
2.Use of which. This relative pronoun is used for things without life and for animals:
The shop which had been lying vacant for a long time has been sold off.
The lion which had turned a man eater could not be located.
3. That is used for both persons and things:
This is the boy that I have been talking of.
She has lost the ring that her mother had gifted her.
4.More uses of That:
a. That is also used after adjectives in the superlative degree:
Dhoni is the best wicket keeper that we have produced..
b. It is also used after the words' all', same', 'any'. 'none', nothing', ' only':
All that glitters is not gold.
Nothing that I did pleased my father.
5.What refers to things only. Its antecedent is not expressed. It actually means that which or the thing which:
What cannot be cured must be endured.( =that which)
6.As is also sometimes used as a relative pronoun. It is used after the word such and sometimes after the word same:
He is such a teacher as the country needs today..
His problem is the same as yours.
*Antecedent: The noun which a pronoun stands for is called its antecedent.
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