SYNTHESIS:
A method of combining two or more simple sentences into a single sentence -simple,compound or complex is known as Synthesis.
Adjectives,adjective phrases,relative clauses, adverbs, infinitives,prepositions, conjunctions or participle phrases are used to combine sentences.
Note: A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb,and it may also have an object and modifiers.However,it contains only one independent clause. Ex. Leema writes a letter.
We can combine two or more than two simple sentences to form one simple sentence,a compound sentence or a complex sentence in different ways as given below:
* Synthesis of simple sentence into a compound sentence:
By using coordinating conjunction. For example- and, not only-but also, either-or, neither-nor,but,yet,however,therefore,though,although,even though, for or so
Note: A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses called Coordinate Clause.Ex.I don't like oranges,but I love mangoes.
Here are some sentences to note how the conjunctions mentioned above are used for the purpose of synthesis:
a)Ram is kind.Raman is generous.
Ram is kind, and Raman is generous
b)Sita is poor. Neena is rich.
Sita is poor but Neena is rich..
c)She is in her sixties .She is very energetic.
She is in her sixties yet she is very energetic.
d) He had high fever. He avoided a long journey.
He had high fever,therefore he avoided a long journey.
e) You can choose the western dress. You can choose the Indian outfit.
You can either choose the western dress or the Indian outfit.
f)They cannot read English.They cannot write English.
They can neither read nor write English.
g) Mother has headache. She cannot attend the party.
Mother has headache so she cannot attend the party.
h) They are poor. They help needy people.
Though they are poor,they help needy people
i) I am getting late for the office. I will drop you at the school.
I am getting late for the office however I will drop you at the school
j) My aunt can attempt grammar exercises well. She is good at English Grammar.
My aunt can attempt grammar exercises well, for. she is good at English Grammar
Synthesis of simple sentences into a complex sentence with the use of a noun clause,an adjective or an adverb clause:
Note:A complex sentence contains an independent clause with one or more subordinate clauses.It is used to provide more information to support our point.Ex.I saw her jogging in the park when I was going to office.
Use of noun clause:
It works as a noun in a complex sentence. It may be in the position of a subject/object. 'That' is used to introduce a noun clause
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Examples: Mr. Roger is the richest man of the town.It is well known.
It is well known that Mr. Roger is the richest man of the town.
He will realize his mistake one day.We hope so.
We hope that he will realize his mistake one day.
Use of an Adjective Clause:
*May be used for combining sentences.
* Does the work of an adjective.
* Give more information of noun in the principal clause of a complex sentence
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Example: This is the village.My ancestors had lived here many years ago.
This is the village where my ancestors had lived many years ago.
He is the man.He accepted my challenge.
He is the man who accepted my challenge.
Use of Adverb Clause:
*Two simple sentences can be combined into a simple sentence by changing one of the sentences into an adverb clause (reason,place, condition,purpose,time result etc
*Coordinate conjunctions like 'although','if','so that'.'or', 'while' are used to introduce the clause.
Examples: Don't take so much pain. You will be sick.
If you take so much pain,you will be sick.
He could not hit the target,he was not hopeless.
Although he could not hit the target,he was not hopeless.
They reached the station.It was raining.
They reached the station while it was raining..
She is working hard. She wants to be selected in the cricket team,
She is working hard so that she is selected in the cricket team.
Some more ways to combine simple sentences into single sentences:
BY:
*Using a Participle:
Example:She read the novel.She kept it aside
Reading the novel,she kept it aside
Note: When in two actions,one is done before the second begins,'having+ past participle' or 'being+past participle' are used to join the sentences:
Examples: He missed the train.He began to panic.
Having missed the train,he began to panic.
She was fast asleep.She didn't answer the phone call.
Being fast asleep,she didn't answer the phone call.
*Using an Infinitive: ('to+1st form of verb in the sentences showing purpose or a cause)
Examples: We are going to market.We want to buy some groceries.
We are going to market to buy some groceries.
* Using an Adverb:( An adjective is converted into an adverb while combining simple sentences)
Example: We will not join the party..That is certain.
We will certainly not join the party..
* Using a Preposition with a Noun or a Gerund:
Example: She finished all the meal.She also had some dessert.
Besides finishing all the meal,she had some dessert also.
He was awarded. He topped the university.
He was awarded for topping the university.
*Using a Noun or a Phrase in Apposition.( Apposition is the use of a noun or a phrase that immediately follows a noun in a sentence making a special reference to it.)
Example: Diya is my cousin.She is a kind person.
Diya,my cousin, is a kind person
* Using a Nominative Absolute(Phrase).It is used when the sentences to be combined have different subjects but appear to be related in some way.
Example: The shop was looted.The whole area was cordoned off.
The shop having been looted, the whole area was cordoned off
The flight landed.The passengers de-planed
The flight having landed, the passengers de-planed.
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